Humans get vitamin D from 2 natural sources, dietary vitamin D intake and cutaneous vitamin D synthesis from sunlight ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure at wavelengths of 290–315 nm. Vitamin D is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that has important roles in maintaining bone health and regulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis in blood circulation 1, 2. As the dietary sources of vitamin D are limited and cutaneous vitamin D synthesis is limited by avoidance of sunlight exposure, vitamin D fortification in common daily foods would be an alternative option to reach the recommended vitamin D intake generally of at least 800 IU/day. The prevalence of VDI in non-pregnant women was high at 34%. Logistic regression analysis found that the significant risk factors for VDI were greater body mass index and higher family income (p-values 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). The average dietary intake of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D and the average duration of sunlight exposure per week were not significantly different between the VDI women and the vitamin D sufficient (VDS) women. The average serum 25OHD level was 23.1 ± 6.0 ng/mL.
VDI was classified as serum 25OHD < 20 ng/mL.
Demographic and lifestyle data relevant to vitamin D assessment (sunlight exposure, nutritional intake, type of dress, sunscreen use) and biochemical studies (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25OHD, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate) were obtained. To examine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) in healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Southern Thailand, 120 healthy non-pregnant women aged 18–42 years were enrolled. Although there are various studies of vitamin D status in pregnant women in Southeast Asia, to date there are few studies from Southeast Asia examining vitamin D status in non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Vitamin D inadequacy is a global problem in all age groups.
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